Synaptic Transmission

Synaptic transmission is a biological process in which a particular neuron communicates or interacts with a target cell over a synapse.

This process involves the release of a neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron, which then binds to a specific postsynaptic receptor.

At a particular synapse, a chemical signal—also known as a transmitter—is released from one neuron to another, or even to target cells. This signal helps inhibit or modulate a cell’s activity.

The important information needed for the body is carried down the neuron’s axon as an electrical impulse. Once the action potential reaches the end of the axon, it must be transferred to a different neuron or a tissue.

Process of Synaptic Transmission

1. The neuronal impulse travels down the presynaptic axon to the axon bulb.

2. The synaptic vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane of the axon bulb, releasing neurotransmitters into the synapse.

3. The neurotransmitter enters the synaptic cleft.

4. The neurotransmitter binds to receptors located on the postsynaptic neuron in the synapse.

5. The sodium ion channels open, allowing ions to enter the postsynaptic neuron.