What is the main difference between ram and rom?

Feature

RAM (Random Access Memory)

ROM (Read-Only Memory)

Volatility

Volatile - Data is lost when power is turned off

Non-volatile - Data is retained even when power is turned off

Data Storage

Temporary storage for data and program instructions

Permanent storage for firmware and essential system software

Read/Write Operations

Read and write operations are possible

Generally read-only, although some types support limited writing

Accessibility

Data can be both read from and written to

Data can only be read from, not written to

Speed

Faster access times, suitable for fast data manipulation

Slower access times compared to RAM

Usage

Used for running applications, storing temporary data

Used for firmware, BIOS, bootloaders, and critical system code

Types

Includes DRAM, SRAM, and others

Includes PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, and Flash ROM

Cost

Typically cheaper per unit of storage

Generally more expensive per unit of storage

Capacity

Typically larger capacity compared to ROM

Smaller capacity compared to RAM

Construction

Comprised of memory cells with capacitors for storing charge

Made up of non-volatile memory cells, such as transistors

Purpose

Provides fast access to data during program execution

Contains essential instructions for booting and system operation

Upgradability

Can be expanded or upgraded through additional modules

Generally fixed and cannot be upgraded

Error Handling

Errors can occur due to data corruption or hardware issues

More resistant to errors since data is written during production

Write Cycles

Limited write cycles, may degrade over time with frequent writing

Can endure many write cycles, suitable for firmware updates

Access Method

Uses address lines to locate data in memory

Uses a combination of address and control lines

Data Retention

Data is retained only as long as power is supplied

Data is retained indefinitely even without power

Initial State

Contains random data when powered on

Contains pre-programmed data set during manufacturing

Customization

Can be customized or programmed as needed

Typically pre-programmed during manufacturing

Application Suitability

Suitable for dynamic data storage and manipulation

Suitable for storing fixed program instructions and data