Fiber Optic Cable | Fiber Optic Cable For Internet

What is fiber optic cable?

Fiber optic cable is a type of network cable made up of strands of glass fibers that are close together in an insulated casing.

Optic cable made for long-distance, high-performance data networking, and telecommunications applications. Fiber optic connections have a high-rise bandwidth than conventional cables and can transport data across long distances.
For LANs, these wires are required. As a result, telecommunication firms are using these cables to replace telephone lines, and fiber optics will one day be used for all communications. These cables are designed with appearance, ruggedness, durability, tensile strength, flammability, size, temperature range, and flexibility in mind. Much of the world's Internet, cable television, and telephone networks are supported by fiber optic.

Types of Optical Fiber

The materials utilized, refractive index, and mode of light propagation can all classify optical fiber.

Optical fiber cables are divided into two categories based on the materials utilized, which are as follows.

-Polymethyl methacrylate can be utilized as a core material for light transmission in plastic optical fiber cables.
-Glass fibers include some of the best glass fibers available.
Based on the refractive index, optical fiber cables are divided into two kinds, which are as follows.

-A step-index fiber has a core surrounded by cladding, and it is the only refraction index that is uniform.
-The radial distance from the fiber axis is increased in graded-index fibers as the refractive index of the cable decreases.

The optical fiber cables are classified into two types based on the mode of propagation light:

Multimode

Multimode and single-mode fiber are the two main kinds of fiber. By having variable optical characteristics at the core, multimode fiber may carry several light beams (modes) simultaneously, light traveling the shortest way (along the center) goes the slowest.

By having variable optical characteristics at the core, multimode fiber may carry several light beams (modes) simultaneously; light traveling the shortest way (along the center) goes the slowest. The more significant core simplifies connections and allows lower-cost LED and VCSEL technologies to operate in the 850nm window. The restricted range due to dispersion is often utilized as premises cabling when the distance is less than a kilometer. It has two core sizes: 62.5 microns and 50 microns.

Singlemode fiber

Singlemode fiber has the smallest core size of 9 microns in a single light channel and can reach 100 kilometers. These need much more expensive devices that operate in the 1310 and 1550nm wavelength windows and are commonly utilized in long-distance LANs, cable television, and telephone applications.
What is a fiber-optic cable used for?
Since their discovery, fiber optic cables have been utilized to carry cable communications. Because they offer larger capacity and quicker speeds, they are excellent for signal transmission for HD televisions. Copper wires are also more expensive than fiber-optic connections.

The following are  benefits of a fiber-optic network:

-The bandwidth is greater than that of copper wires.
-There is less power loss. Therefore data may be sent over greater distances.
-The optical cable is electromagnetic interference-resistant.
-Fiber cables are 4.5 times larger than copper lines and can carry more data.
-When compared to metal wires, these cables are thinner, lighter, and take up less space.
-Because of the less weight, installation is a breeze.
-Optical fiber cables do not emit electromagnetic energy; they are tough to tap. When transporting or sending data, these wires are incredibly secure.
-A fiber optic cable is highly flexible, bends readily, and resists most acidic substances that might otherwise harm copper wire.

Disadvantages of optical fiber

-Copper wires have a lower bandwidth.
-Data can be sent over greater distances with less power loss.
-Electromagnetic interference is not a problem with optical cables.
-The optical fiber cables are challenging to combine, and during scattering, there will be a loss of the beam within the cable.
-These cables are inexpensive to install, and they don't have the same strength as wires. Optical fiber testing frequently necessitates specialized equipment.
-When it comes to fiber optic cables, they are small and fragile.
-Copper wires are less fragile than these cables.
-To test the transmission of fiber cable, specific instruments are required.

Fiber optic cable health risks:

Glass fragments can cause skin harm while handling fiber optic cables, and the danger rises if they are swallowed, which can cause significant internal organ damage. Cleaning or processing fibers with chemicals are frequent, and this should only be done in well-ventilated locations.
While optical fibers do not transport electricity, they can transmit light, which might cause eye injury in some cases. The glass fiber itself can get lodged in or under the skin, posing a threat.
Is Fiber Optics safer than 5G?
The fastest, healthiest, most secure, dependable, and the energy-efficient option to stream Internet and video data is through fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP). Wireless 5G networks are never faster or safer than wired networks.
While 5G can offer downlink speeds of up to 20 Gbps and uplink speeds of up to 10 Gbps, the realistic speed measured on Fiber lines is 100 Gbps. Fiber optics also claims a significantly faster reaction time than 5G technology, which is not the case with 5G.
Is fiber-optic the fastest Internet?
Fiber is the fastest Internet presently accessible, with speeds up to 10,000 Mbps in some places. It sends light messages over long distances using bundled glass fiber-optic threads that are fast and dependable. Fiber is unaffected by the speed problems that plague earlier internet connections.

History of optical fiber:

The "optical telegraph" was created in the 1970s.  A series of lights were installed atop towers to send signals from one location to another,

Scientists Daniel Collodion and Jaques Babinet demonstrated that light might be guided along with a jet of water in a fountain show in 1840

John Tyndall, a scientist, took it a step further in 1854. He demonstrated that light could flow over a curved stream of water, allowing for the tilting of a light signal.
Alexander Graham Bell invented the photophone, an optical telephone device, in 1880.

Roth and Reuss, two Viennese physicians, utilized curved rods to light bodily cavities in 1888.

In an early effort at the television, Henry Saint-Rene devised a system of bent glass rods for directing light pictures seven years later, in 1895.

John Logie Baird patented the notion of transmitting pictures for television using arrays of transparent stems in the 1920s. Heinrich Lamm, however, was the first person to send a picture via a batch of optical fibers in the 1930s.
Holger Moeller sought a Danish patent on fiber-optic imaging in 1951, proposing to wrap glass or plastic fibers with a low index, transparent material. Still, his application was denied due to the Braid patent.

Elias Snitzer presented a theoretical description of single-mode fibers with a core so tiny that only one waveguide mode could transmit light in 1961. He was able to show that a laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) focused via a thin glass fiber may be used for medicinal purposes. The light loss became too severe for communication purposes.
Standard Communication Laboratories in England demonstrated in 1964 that eliminating contaminants from existing glass fiber may reduce light loss.

Corning Glass Works began producing single-mode fibers with attenuation less than 20dB/km in 1970.

Bell Laboratories developed a modified steam deposition technique for mass production of low-loss optical fibers in 1973. This method is still used to manufacture fiber optic cables today.

Long Beach, California, hosted the first live telephone traffic via fiber optics in 1977.

Telephone companies began using fiber optics to modernize their communication infrastructure in the early 1980s.
The erbium-doped amplifier, developed by Emmanuel Desurvire in 1986, decreased the cost of long-distance fiber networks.

The first transatlantic telephone cable was installed in 1988.

Desurvire and Payne showed in 1991 that amplifiers might be placed within the fiber optic line itself. The photonic crystal fiber was also invented in 1991.