Basic Logic Gates | Types of Basic Logic Gates

Basic Logic Gates

The gates by which the basic operations of Boolean algebra can be performed are called basic logic gates. Basic logic gates can be used to make all compound gates and any circuit. There are three basic logic gates in digital electronics.

 -OR GATE

 -AND GATE

 -NOT Gate

 OR GATE-

 The OR gate is the gate of logical addition. 

That is, the gate that is used to perform logical addition in Boolean algebra is called the OR gate. The OR gate has two or more input lines and a single output line. Since the OR gate is a logical addition gate, it follows the rules of logical addition. 

In the case of this gate, if the value of any one input is 1, the output is 1; otherwise, it is 0.

 The switches in the switching circuit of the OR gate are connected in parallel. As a result, if anyone switch is on (1), the bulb lights up.

AND Gate-

 AND gate is a gate of logical quality. That is, the gate used to perform logical functions in Boolean algebra is called the AND gate. AND gates have two or more input lines and only one output line. 

Since AND gate is a gate of logical quality, it follows the rules of logical quality. In the case of this gate, if the value of any one input is 0, then the output is 0; otherwise, it is 1.

NOT Gate-

 NOT gate is the gate of logical complement. 

It is also called an inverter. The gate used to perform logical complementary work in Boolean algebra is called the NOT gate. This gate has a single input line and a single output line. 

Since NOT gate is the gate of logical complement, it follows the rule of logical complement. In the case of this gate, the output is the opposite of the input. 

If the input signal is 1, the output signal is 0, or if the input signal is 0, the output signal is 1.

Universal Gate:

 The gate that can be used to implement any gate and any circuit, including basic gates (AND, OR, NOT), is called the universal gate. 

Universal gates are NAND and NOR gates. 

Because only NAND gate or only NOR gate can implement any logic gate or circuit, including basic gate, these gates are used more in digital circuits as the cost of making public gates is less.  

NOR Gate-

 The NOR gate is a composite gate made up of a combination of OR gate and NOT gate. The NOR gate is obtained by flowing the output of the OR gate through the NOT gate. Reversing the output of the OR gate gives the output of the NOR gate.

 NOR gate has exactly two or more input lines and only one output line. The NOR gate is also called the compound gate and the universal gate.  

NAND Gate-

 NAND gate is a composite gate that is a combination of AND gate and NOT gate. The NAND gate is obtained by flowing the output of the AND gate through the NOT gate. 

If the output of AND gate is reversed, the output of the NAND gate can be found.

NAND gate consists of two or more input lines and one output line. NAND gates are also called compound gates and universal gates.

Special Gate:

 The X-OR and X-NOR gates are called special gates.

 X-OR Gate:

 Exclusive OR gate is called X-OR gate for short. It is a composite gate made up of AND, OR, and NOT gates. The output signal is collected by comparing different input bits through this gate. If there is an odd number 1 in the input, the output is 1; otherwise, it is 0. The sign denotes the X-OR operation.

 The X-OR gate has two otherwise more input lines and only one output line. X-OR gates are also called compound gates and special gates.

X-NOR Gate:

 Exclusive NOR gate is called X-NOR gate for short. It is a composite gate made up of AND, OR, and NOT gates. The X-NOR gate is obtained by flowing the output of the X-OR gate through the NOT gate. If the output of the X-OR gate is inverted, the output of the X-NOR gate is found. If there is an odd number 1 in the input, the output is 0; otherwise, it is 1. 

There are two or more input lines and only one output line in the X-NOR gates. X-NOR gates are also called compound gates and special gates.