Absolute Zero
Absolute zero is said to be a temperature, which is a physical quantity. A substance's temperature represents a measurement of its warmth or coldness. Every object or matter that exists in the universe has a temperature.
Temperature can also be described as a measure of thermal energy present inside a body. For temperature measurements, the kelvin serves as the standard unit. Temperature and heat are two very different things.
The scales by which temperature is measured are:
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Celsius scale (also called Centigrade scale)
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Kelvin scale
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Fahrenheit scale
What is Meant by Absolute Zero?
Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, where the heat in a body is zero. Absolute zero is also called the zero-kelvin temperature, as it measures zero on the Kelvin scale.
The fundamental particles present in nature show very little vibration at absolute zero temperature. Absolute zero is measured as:
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-273°C on the Celsius scale
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-459.76°F on the Fahrenheit scale
The Behavior of Gases at Absolute Zero
When the temperature around gas particles lowers, the particles move more slowly. At absolute zero:
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Gas particles stop moving but still retain some energy.
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Heat can never be completely removed from a substance.
The concept of absolute zero arose while studying the behavior of gases at different temperatures.
Conversion of Temperature from One Scale to Another
Formulas:
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k=°C+273k = \text{°C} + 273k=°C+273
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°C=k−273\text{°C} = k - 273°C=k−273
Examples:
Celsius to Kelvin:
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30°C → k=30+273=303 Kk = 30 + 273 = 303\,Kk=30+273=303K
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40°C → k=40+273=313 Kk = 40 + 273 = 313\,Kk=40+273=313K
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50°C → k=50+273=323 Kk = 50 + 273 = 323\,Kk=50+273=323K
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60°C → k=60+273=333 Kk = 60 + 273 = 333\,Kk=60+273=333K
Kelvin to Celsius:
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400 K → °C=400−273=127 °C\text{°C} = 400 - 273 = 127\,°C°C=400−273=127°C
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500 K → °C=500−273=227 °C\text{°C} = 500 - 273 = 227\,°C°C=500−273=227°C
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600 K → °C=600−273=327 °C\text{°C} = 600 - 273 = 327\,°C°C=600−273=327°C
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700 K → °C=700−273=427 °C\text{°C} = 700 - 273 = 427\,°C°C=700−273=427°C